Convert numbers to Roman numerals or Roman numerals to numbers instantly, with a full step-by-step breakdown.
Enter a number above to see its Roman numeral.
This free tool converts any integer between 1 and 3999 to its Roman numeral equivalent, or parses a Roman numeral string back into a number — instantly, with no page reload. Every result includes a full step-by-step breakdown so you can see exactly how each conversion works.
Roman numerals use subtractive notation for six specific combinations: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400), and CM (900). When a smaller value appears before a larger one, it is subtracted rather than added — so IV means 5 − 1 = 4, not 1 + 5 = 6.
For example, 1994 converts to MCMXCIV: M (1000) + CM (900) + XC (90) + IV (4). The breakdown display in this tool shows each component clearly.
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Standard Roman numerals cover integers from 1 to 3999. Numbers outside this range cannot be represented using classical notation.
No. The converter accepts both uppercase and lowercase Roman numerals. XIV, xiv, and Xiv are all treated the same.
I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1000. Subtractive combinations like IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400), and CM (900) are also standard.
Roman numerals were developed before the concept of zero was widely adopted in Europe. Zero was introduced to Western mathematics much later through Arabic numerals.
The breakdown shows how the conversion is calculated step by step — for example, 1994 = MCM (900) + XC (90) + IV (4) = MCMXCIV. For Roman → Number, it shows each symbol or pair and its value.
Yes, as long as the year is between 1 and 3999. Enter the year in the Number → Roman tab to see it written in Roman numerals.